ASTM A194/A194M-23 pdf free download 用于高压或高温服役，或两者兼有的螺栓用碳钢、合金钢和不锈钢螺母的标准规范

ASTM A194/A194M-23 pdf free download，Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both.
用于高压或高温服役，或两者兼有的螺栓用碳钢、合金钢和不锈钢螺母的标准规范

Abstract

This specification ASTM A194/A194M-23 covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic and austenitic stainless steel nuts. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed. Hardness tests, proof of load tests, and cone proof load tests shall be made to all nuts to meet the requirements specified.

Scope

1.1 This specification2 covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 1/4 through 4 in. and metric M12 through M100 nominal. It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range 1/4 in. and M12 nominal and above. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions without the purchaser's permission are not allowed.

1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When annealed and strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that 8.2.2, Supplementary Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.

1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, contract, and order.

1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.

摘要

本规范涵盖了各种碳钢、合金钢、马氏体和奥氏体不锈钢螺母。这些螺母用于高压或高温服役，或两者兼有。制造螺母的材料应为热加工。材料可以进一步通过无心磨削或冷拔进行加工。奥氏体不锈钢可以进行溶液退火或退火和应变硬化处理。每种合金应符合规定的化学成分要求。对所有螺母进行硬度测试、载荷试验和锥形载荷试验，以满足规定的要求。

范围

1.1 本规范涵盖了尺寸范围为1/4英寸至4英寸和公制M12至M100的各种碳钢、合金钢和马氏体不锈钢螺母。还涵盖了尺寸范围为1/4英寸和公制M12及以上的奥氏体不锈钢螺母。这些螺母用于高压或高温服役，或两者兼有。未经购买方许可不允许更换等级。

1.2 制造螺母的棒材应为热加工。材料可以通过无心磨削或冷拔进一步加工。奥氏体不锈钢可以进行溶液退火或退火和应变硬化处理。当按照补充要求S1订购退火和应变硬化的奥氏体不锈钢时，购买方应特别注意确保充分理解8.2.2、补充要求S1和附录X1。

1.3 提供了一些可选的补充要求。这些要求仅在询价、合同和订单中指定时适用。

1.4 本规范以英制单位和国际单位（SI单位）两种方式表达。然而，除非订单指定了适用的“M”规范标识（SI单位），否则材料应提供以英制单位。

1.5 所述的英制单位或SI单位的数值应分别视为标准。每种系统中所述的数值可能不是完全相等的；因此，每种系统应独立使用。合并两个系统的值可能导致不符合标准。在文本中，SI单位用方括号表示。