IEC 60151-7:1964 pdf download 电子管和阀门电气特性的测量 - 第7部分：等效噪声电阻的测量 Measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes and valves. Part 7: Measurement of equivalent noise resistance

IEC 60151-7:1964 pdf download,Measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes and valves. Part 7: Measurement of equivalent noise resistance.
电子管和阀门电气特性的测量 - 第7部分：等效噪声电阻的测量
This document gives methods of measurement of equivalent noise resistance of electronic tubes and valves due to shot effect and partition noise.The methods given are based on current practice of the measurement of equivalent noise resistance.The document should not be regarded as a recommendation in the sense of a standard because a more detailed description of the measuring methodsis needed if measuring results on the basis of these principles have to be comparable within definite tolerances.
2. General
The main causes of noise in i.f.(intermediate-frequency)and r.f.(radio-frequency)amplifiers
and mixers are shot effect and partition noise.In the case of an r.f.or i.f.amplifier the noise is considered to be in the same frequency band as that over which the amplifier operates.The case of a frequency-changer is more complex,but in practice the noise is again considered to occupy only the signal-frequency band and not the image-frequency band or the i.f.band.This noise does not includeflicker effect which occurs mainly in the audio-frequency band and which may extend up to about1 MHz(Mc/s)，neither does it include grid noise effects which become significant at frequencies aboveabout 20 MHz (Mc/s).The results of measurement within the frequency range of 1 MHz (Mc/s)to20 MHz (Mc/s)will be substantially the same.
1. 范围
本文件提供了电子管和电子管由于击穿效应和分区噪声而产生的等效噪声电阻的测量方法。所给出的方法基于当前测量等效噪声电阻的实践。本文件不应被视为标准的建议，因为如果基于这些原则的测量结果需要在确定的公差范围内可比较，就需要更详细地描述测量方法。
2. 一般
中频放大器和射频放大器以及混频器中的噪声的主要原因是击穿效应和分区噪声。对于射频或中频放大器，噪声被认为与放大器工作的频段相同。频率变换器的情况更为复杂，但在实践中，噪声再次被认为仅占据信号频段，而不是图像频段或中频带。这种噪声不包括主要出现在音频频段并可能延伸到约1 MHz（Mc/s）的闪烁效应，也不包括在频率高于约20 MHz（Mc/s）时变得显著的栅极噪声效应。在1 MHz（Mc/s）到20 MHz（Mc/s）的频率范围内进行的测量结果将基本相同。